diff --git a/src/script_opt/CPP/Attrs.cc b/src/script_opt/CPP/Attrs.cc
index dad23eaa6a..0aaf955ef2 100644
--- a/src/script_opt/CPP/Attrs.cc
+++ b/src/script_opt/CPP/Attrs.cc
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ shared_ptr<CPP_InitInfo> CPPCompile::RegisterAttributes(const AttributesPtr& att
     if ( pa != processed_attrs.end() )
         return pa->second;
 
-    attributes.AddKey(attrs, pfs.HashAttrs(attrs));
+    attributes.AddKey(attrs, pfs->HashAttrs(attrs));
 
     // The cast is just so we can make an IntrusivePtr.
     auto a_rep = const_cast<Attributes*>(attributes.GetRep(attrs));
diff --git a/src/script_opt/CPP/Compile.h b/src/script_opt/CPP/Compile.h
index 2a55ea0fe5..5b05cc07e9 100644
--- a/src/script_opt/CPP/Compile.h
+++ b/src/script_opt/CPP/Compile.h
@@ -124,8 +124,8 @@ namespace zeek::detail {
 
 class CPPCompile {
 public:
-    CPPCompile(std::vector<FuncInfo>& _funcs, ProfileFuncs& pfs, const std::string& gen_name, bool _standalone,
-               bool report_uncompilable);
+    CPPCompile(std::vector<FuncInfo>& _funcs, std::shared_ptr<ProfileFuncs> pfs, const std::string& gen_name,
+               bool _standalone, bool report_uncompilable);
     ~CPPCompile();
 
     // Constructing a CPPCompile object does all of the compilation.
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ public:
     // However, we can't generate that code when first encountering
     // the attribute, because doing so will need to refer to the names
     // of types, and initially those are unavailable (because the type's
-    // representatives, per pfs.RepTypes(), might not have yet been
+    // representatives, per pfs->RepTypes(), might not have yet been
     // tracked).  So instead we track the associated CallExprInitInfo
     // objects, and after all types have been tracked, then spin
     // through them to generate the code.
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ private:
     std::vector<FuncInfo>& funcs;
 
     // The global profile of all of the functions.
-    ProfileFuncs& pfs;
+    std::shared_ptr<ProfileFuncs> pfs;
 
     // Script functions that we are able to compile.  We compute
     // these ahead of time so that when compiling script function A
@@ -894,7 +894,7 @@ private:
     // Returns the "representative" for a given type, used to ensure
     // that we re-use the C++ variable corresponding to a type and
     // don't instantiate redundant instances.
-    const Type* TypeRep(const Type* t) { return pfs.TypeRep(t); }
+    const Type* TypeRep(const Type* t) { return pfs->TypeRep(t); }
     const Type* TypeRep(const TypePtr& t) { return TypeRep(t.get()); }
 
     // Low-level C++ representations for types, of various flavors.
diff --git a/src/script_opt/CPP/Driver.cc b/src/script_opt/CPP/Driver.cc
index 3dee4fc528..3dc7e991fc 100644
--- a/src/script_opt/CPP/Driver.cc
+++ b/src/script_opt/CPP/Driver.cc
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ namespace zeek::detail {
 
 using namespace std;
 
-CPPCompile::CPPCompile(vector<FuncInfo>& _funcs, ProfileFuncs& _pfs, const string& gen_name, bool _standalone,
-                       bool report_uncompilable)
-    : funcs(_funcs), pfs(_pfs), standalone(_standalone) {
+CPPCompile::CPPCompile(vector<FuncInfo>& _funcs, std::shared_ptr<ProfileFuncs> _pfs, const string& gen_name,
+                       bool _standalone, bool report_uncompilable)
+    : funcs(_funcs), pfs(std::move(_pfs)), standalone(_standalone) {
     auto target_name = gen_name.c_str();
 
     write_file = fopen(target_name, "w");
@@ -99,21 +99,21 @@ void CPPCompile::Compile(bool report_uncompilable) {
     GenProlog();
 
     // Track all of the types we'll be using.
-    for ( const auto& t : pfs.RepTypes() ) {
+    for ( const auto& t : pfs->RepTypes() ) {
         TypePtr tp{NewRef{}, (Type*)(t)};
-        types.AddKey(tp, pfs.HashType(t));
+        types.AddKey(tp, pfs->HashType(t));
     }
 
     NL();
 
-    for ( auto& g : pfs.AllGlobals() )
+    for ( auto& g : pfs->AllGlobals() )
         CreateGlobal(g);
 
-    for ( const auto& e : pfs.Events() )
+    for ( const auto& e : pfs->Events() )
         if ( AddGlobal(e, "gl") )
             Emit("EventHandlerPtr %s_ev;", globals[string(e)]);
 
-    for ( const auto& t : pfs.RepTypes() ) {
+    for ( const auto& t : pfs->RepTypes() ) {
         ASSERT(types.HasKey(t));
         TypePtr tp{NewRef{}, (Type*)(t)};
         RegisterType(tp);
@@ -131,14 +131,14 @@ void CPPCompile::Compile(bool report_uncompilable) {
     // be identical.  In that case, we don't want to generate the lambda
     // twice, but we do want to map the second one to the same body name.
     unordered_map<string, const Stmt*> lambda_ASTs;
-    for ( const auto& l : pfs.Lambdas() ) {
+    for ( const auto& l : pfs->Lambdas() ) {
         const auto& n = l->Name();
         const auto body = l->Ingredients()->Body().get();
         if ( lambda_ASTs.count(n) > 0 )
             // Reuse previous body.
             body_names[body] = body_names[lambda_ASTs[n]];
         else {
-            DeclareLambda(l, pfs.ExprProf(l).get());
+            DeclareLambda(l, pfs->ExprProf(l).get());
             lambda_ASTs[n] = body;
         }
     }
@@ -151,12 +151,12 @@ void CPPCompile::Compile(bool report_uncompilable) {
             CompileFunc(func);
 
     lambda_ASTs.clear();
-    for ( const auto& l : pfs.Lambdas() ) {
+    for ( const auto& l : pfs->Lambdas() ) {
         const auto& n = l->Name();
         if ( lambda_ASTs.count(n) > 0 )
             continue;
 
-        CompileLambda(l, pfs.ExprProf(l).get());
+        CompileLambda(l, pfs->ExprProf(l).get());
         lambda_ASTs[n] = l->Ingredients()->Body().get();
     }
 
diff --git a/src/script_opt/CPP/Exprs.cc b/src/script_opt/CPP/Exprs.cc
index f798b4f91c..07d651b43f 100644
--- a/src/script_opt/CPP/Exprs.cc
+++ b/src/script_opt/CPP/Exprs.cc
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ string CPPCompile::GenNameExpr(const NameExpr* ne, GenType gt) {
 
     if ( t->Tag() == TYPE_FUNC && ! is_global_var ) {
         auto func = n->Name();
-        if ( globals.count(func) > 0 && pfs.BiFGlobals().count(n) == 0 )
+        if ( globals.count(func) > 0 && pfs->BiFGlobals().count(n) == 0 )
             return GenericValPtrToGT(IDNameStr(n), t, gt);
     }
 
@@ -202,9 +202,9 @@ string CPPCompile::GenIncrExpr(const Expr* e, GenType gt, bool is_incr, bool top
 
     // Make sure any newly created types are known to
     // the profiler.
-    (void)pfs.HashType(one_e->GetType());
-    (void)pfs.HashType(rhs->GetType());
-    (void)pfs.HashType(assign->GetType());
+    (void)pfs->HashType(one_e->GetType());
+    (void)pfs->HashType(rhs->GetType());
+    (void)pfs->HashType(assign->GetType());
 
     auto gen = GenExpr(assign, GEN_DONT_CARE, top_level);
 
@@ -269,10 +269,10 @@ string CPPCompile::GenCallExpr(const CallExpr* c, GenType gt, bool top_level) {
         //
         // If it is a BiF *that's also a global variable*, then
         // we need to look up the BiF version of the global.
-        if ( pfs.BiFGlobals().count(f_id) == 0 )
+        if ( pfs->BiFGlobals().count(f_id) == 0 )
             gen += +"->AsFunc()";
 
-        else if ( pfs.Globals().count(f_id) > 0 )
+        else if ( pfs->Globals().count(f_id) > 0 )
             // The BiF version has an extra "_", per
             // AddBiF(..., true).
             gen = globals[string(id_name) + "_"];
@@ -511,8 +511,8 @@ string CPPCompile::GenAddToExpr(const Expr* e, GenType gt, bool top_level) {
 
         // Make sure any newly created types are known to
         // the profiler.
-        (void)pfs.HashType(rhs->GetType());
-        (void)pfs.HashType(assign->GetType());
+        (void)pfs->HashType(rhs->GetType());
+        (void)pfs->HashType(assign->GetType());
 
         return GenExpr(assign, gt, top_level);
     }
@@ -542,8 +542,8 @@ string CPPCompile::GenRemoveFromExpr(const Expr* e, GenType gt, bool top_level)
 
         // Make sure any newly created types are known to
         // the profiler.
-        (void)pfs.HashType(rhs->GetType());
-        (void)pfs.HashType(assign->GetType());
+        (void)pfs->HashType(rhs->GetType());
+        (void)pfs->HashType(assign->GetType());
 
         return GenExpr(assign, gt, top_level);
     }
diff --git a/src/script_opt/CPP/Inits.cc b/src/script_opt/CPP/Inits.cc
index 2917b8d199..4e7a30b145 100644
--- a/src/script_opt/CPP/Inits.cc
+++ b/src/script_opt/CPP/Inits.cc
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ void CPPCompile::InitializeGlobals() {
 
     for ( const auto& ginit : IDOptInfo::GetGlobalInitExprs() ) {
         auto g = ginit.Id();
-        if ( pfs.Globals().count(g) == 0 )
+        if ( pfs->Globals().count(g) == 0 )
             continue;
 
         auto ic = ginit.IC();
diff --git a/src/script_opt/CPP/Vars.cc b/src/script_opt/CPP/Vars.cc
index f326d2708b..4aa967c3f8 100644
--- a/src/script_opt/CPP/Vars.cc
+++ b/src/script_opt/CPP/Vars.cc
@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ using namespace std;
 
 void CPPCompile::CreateGlobal(const ID* g) {
     auto gn = string(g->Name());
-    bool is_bif = pfs.BiFGlobals().count(g) > 0;
+    bool is_bif = pfs->BiFGlobals().count(g) > 0;
 
-    if ( pfs.Globals().count(g) == 0 ) {
+    if ( pfs->Globals().count(g) == 0 ) {
         // Only used in the context of calls.  If it's compilable,
         // then we'll call it directly.
         if ( compilable_funcs.count(gn) > 0 ) {
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ void CPPCompile::CreateGlobal(const ID* g) {
     if ( AddGlobal(gn, "gl") ) { // We'll be creating this global.
         Emit("IDPtr %s;", globals[gn]);
 
-        if ( pfs.Events().count(gn) > 0 )
+        if ( pfs->Events().count(gn) > 0 )
             // This is an event that's also used as a variable.
             Emit("EventHandlerPtr %s_ev;", globals[gn]);
 
diff --git a/src/script_opt/CSE.cc b/src/script_opt/CSE.cc
index 56f3a697e1..3433ed1323 100644
--- a/src/script_opt/CSE.cc
+++ b/src/script_opt/CSE.cc
@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@
 
 namespace zeek::detail {
 
-CSE_ValidityChecker::CSE_ValidityChecker(ProfileFuncs& _pfs, const std::vector<const ID*>& _ids,
+CSE_ValidityChecker::CSE_ValidityChecker(std::shared_ptr<ProfileFuncs> _pfs, const std::vector<const ID*>& _ids,
                                          const Expr* _start_e, const Expr* _end_e)
-    : pfs(_pfs), ids(_ids) {
+    : pfs(std::move(_pfs)), ids(_ids) {
     start_e = _start_e;
     end_e = _end_e;
 
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ bool CSE_ValidityChecker::CheckCall(const CallExpr* c) {
     TypeSet aggrs;
     bool is_unknown = false;
 
-    auto resolved = pfs.GetCallSideEffects(func->AsNameExpr(), non_local_ids, aggrs, is_unknown);
+    auto resolved = pfs->GetCallSideEffects(func->AsNameExpr(), non_local_ids, aggrs, is_unknown);
     ASSERT(resolved);
 
     if ( is_unknown || CheckSideEffects(non_local_ids, aggrs) )
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ bool CSE_ValidityChecker::CheckSideEffects(SideEffectsOp::AccessType access, con
     IDSet non_local_ids;
     TypeSet aggrs;
 
-    if ( pfs.GetSideEffects(access, t.get(), non_local_ids, aggrs) )
+    if ( pfs->GetSideEffects(access, t.get(), non_local_ids, aggrs) )
         return Invalid();
 
     return CheckSideEffects(non_local_ids, aggrs);
diff --git a/src/script_opt/CSE.h b/src/script_opt/CSE.h
index 40d600b3ae..9507cd493e 100644
--- a/src/script_opt/CSE.h
+++ b/src/script_opt/CSE.h
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ class TempVar;
 
 class CSE_ValidityChecker : public TraversalCallback {
 public:
-    CSE_ValidityChecker(ProfileFuncs& pfs, const std::vector<const ID*>& ids, const Expr* start_e,
+    CSE_ValidityChecker(std::shared_ptr<ProfileFuncs> pfs, const std::vector<const ID*>& ids, const Expr* start_e,
                         const Expr* end_e);
 
     TraversalCode PreStmt(const Stmt*) override;
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ protected:
     }
 
     // Profile across all script functions.
-    ProfileFuncs& pfs;
+    std::shared_ptr<ProfileFuncs> pfs;
 
     // The list of identifiers for which an assignment to one of them
     // renders the CSE unsafe.
diff --git a/src/script_opt/GenIDDefs.cc b/src/script_opt/GenIDDefs.cc
index 836e99586b..b05f334ea6 100644
--- a/src/script_opt/GenIDDefs.cc
+++ b/src/script_opt/GenIDDefs.cc
@@ -12,12 +12,12 @@
 
 namespace zeek::detail {
 
-GenIDDefs::GenIDDefs(std::shared_ptr<ProfileFunc> _pf, const Func* f, ScopePtr scope, StmtPtr body)
+GenIDDefs::GenIDDefs(std::shared_ptr<ProfileFunc> _pf, const FuncPtr& f, ScopePtr scope, StmtPtr body)
     : pf(std::move(_pf)) {
     TraverseFunction(f, scope, body);
 }
 
-void GenIDDefs::TraverseFunction(const Func* f, ScopePtr scope, StmtPtr body) {
+void GenIDDefs::TraverseFunction(const FuncPtr& f, ScopePtr scope, StmtPtr body) {
     func_flavor = f->Flavor();
 
     // Establish the outermost set of identifiers.
diff --git a/src/script_opt/GenIDDefs.h b/src/script_opt/GenIDDefs.h
index a8b05864cb..5074415f54 100644
--- a/src/script_opt/GenIDDefs.h
+++ b/src/script_opt/GenIDDefs.h
@@ -12,12 +12,12 @@ namespace zeek::detail {
 
 class GenIDDefs : public TraversalCallback {
 public:
-    GenIDDefs(std::shared_ptr<ProfileFunc> _pf, const Func* f, ScopePtr scope, StmtPtr body);
+    GenIDDefs(std::shared_ptr<ProfileFunc> _pf, const FuncPtr& f, ScopePtr scope, StmtPtr body);
 
 private:
     // Traverses the given function body, using the first two
     // arguments for context.
-    void TraverseFunction(const Func* f, ScopePtr scope, StmtPtr body);
+    void TraverseFunction(const FuncPtr& f, ScopePtr scope, StmtPtr body);
 
     TraversalCode PreStmt(const Stmt*) override;
     void AnalyzeSwitch(const SwitchStmt* sw);
diff --git a/src/script_opt/ObjMgr.h b/src/script_opt/ObjMgr.h
index 4a8f35695c..93698ef4ae 100644
--- a/src/script_opt/ObjMgr.h
+++ b/src/script_opt/ObjMgr.h
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 #include <zeek/Obj.h>
 #include <unordered_map>
 
+#include "zeek/IntrusivePtr.h"
+
 namespace zeek::detail {
 
 // A class that keeps a const Obj* pointer live - used to isolate instances
diff --git a/src/script_opt/Reduce.cc b/src/script_opt/Reduce.cc
index fb1478e70e..d45bf0fa1d 100644
--- a/src/script_opt/Reduce.cc
+++ b/src/script_opt/Reduce.cc
@@ -2,23 +2,15 @@
 
 #include "zeek/script_opt/Reduce.h"
 
-#include "zeek/Desc.h"
-#include "zeek/Expr.h"
-#include "zeek/Func.h"
-#include "zeek/ID.h"
-#include "zeek/Reporter.h"
-#include "zeek/Scope.h"
-#include "zeek/Stmt.h"
-#include "zeek/Var.h"
+#include "zeek/script_opt/CSE.h"
 #include "zeek/script_opt/ExprOptInfo.h"
-#include "zeek/script_opt/FuncInfo.h"
 #include "zeek/script_opt/StmtOptInfo.h"
 #include "zeek/script_opt/TempVar.h"
 
 namespace zeek::detail {
 
-Reducer::Reducer(const ScriptFunc* func, std::shared_ptr<ProfileFunc> _pf, ProfileFuncs& _pfs)
-    : pf(std::move(_pf)), pfs(_pfs) {
+Reducer::Reducer(const ScriptFuncPtr& func, std::shared_ptr<ProfileFunc> _pf, std::shared_ptr<ProfileFuncs> _pfs)
+    : pf(std::move(_pf)), pfs(std::move(_pfs)) {
     auto& ft = func->GetType();
 
     // Track the parameters so we don't remap them.
@@ -442,15 +434,15 @@ bool Reducer::ExprValid(const ID* id, const Expr* e1, const Expr* e2) const {
             auto aggr = e1->GetOp1();
             auto aggr_t = aggr->GetType();
 
-            if ( pfs.HasSideEffects(SideEffectsOp::READ, aggr_t) )
+            if ( pfs->HasSideEffects(SideEffectsOp::READ, aggr_t) )
                 has_side_effects = true;
 
-            else if ( aggr_t->Tag() == TYPE_TABLE && pfs.IsTableWithDefaultAggr(aggr_t.get()) )
+            else if ( aggr_t->Tag() == TYPE_TABLE && pfs->IsTableWithDefaultAggr(aggr_t.get()) )
                 has_side_effects = true;
         }
 
         else if ( e1->Tag() == EXPR_RECORD_CONSTRUCTOR || e1->Tag() == EXPR_RECORD_COERCE )
-            has_side_effects = pfs.HasSideEffects(SideEffectsOp::CONSTRUCTION, e1->GetType());
+            has_side_effects = pfs->HasSideEffects(SideEffectsOp::CONSTRUCTION, e1->GetType());
 
         e1_se = ExprSideEffects(has_side_effects);
     }
diff --git a/src/script_opt/Reduce.h b/src/script_opt/Reduce.h
index 706ca1f7e8..2bb1036445 100644
--- a/src/script_opt/Reduce.h
+++ b/src/script_opt/Reduce.h
@@ -2,11 +2,6 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include "zeek/Expr.h"
-#include "zeek/Scope.h"
-#include "zeek/Stmt.h"
-#include "zeek/Traverse.h"
-#include "zeek/script_opt/CSE.h"
 #include "zeek/script_opt/ObjMgr.h"
 #include "zeek/script_opt/ProfileFunc.h"
 
@@ -17,7 +12,7 @@ class TempVar;
 
 class Reducer {
 public:
-    Reducer(const ScriptFunc* func, std::shared_ptr<ProfileFunc> pf, ProfileFuncs& pfs);
+    Reducer(const ScriptFuncPtr& func, std::shared_ptr<ProfileFunc> pf, std::shared_ptr<ProfileFuncs> pfs);
 
     StmtPtr Reduce(StmtPtr s);
 
@@ -237,7 +232,7 @@ protected:
     std::shared_ptr<ProfileFunc> pf;
 
     // Profile across all script functions - used for optimization decisions.
-    ProfileFuncs& pfs;
+    std::shared_ptr<ProfileFuncs> pfs;
 
     // Tracks the temporary variables created during the reduction/
     // optimization process.
diff --git a/src/script_opt/ScriptOpt.cc b/src/script_opt/ScriptOpt.cc
index 1ca1199528..34ffbf4c72 100644
--- a/src/script_opt/ScriptOpt.cc
+++ b/src/script_opt/ScriptOpt.cc
@@ -122,9 +122,9 @@ bool should_analyze(const ScriptFuncPtr& f, const StmtPtr& body) {
     return false;
 }
 
-static bool optimize_AST(ScriptFunc* f, std::shared_ptr<ProfileFunc>& pf, std::shared_ptr<Reducer>& rc, ScopePtr scope,
-                         StmtPtr& body) {
-    pf = std::make_shared<ProfileFunc>(f, body, true);
+static bool optimize_AST(ScriptFuncPtr f, std::shared_ptr<ProfileFunc>& pf, std::shared_ptr<Reducer>& rc,
+                         ScopePtr scope, StmtPtr& body) {
+    pf = std::make_shared<ProfileFunc>(f.get(), body, true);
 
     GenIDDefs ID_defs(pf, f, scope, body);
 
@@ -147,8 +147,8 @@ static bool optimize_AST(ScriptFunc* f, std::shared_ptr<ProfileFunc>& pf, std::s
     return true;
 }
 
-static void optimize_func(ScriptFunc* f, std::shared_ptr<ProfileFunc> pf, ProfileFuncs& pfs, ScopePtr scope,
-                          StmtPtr& body) {
+static void optimize_func(ScriptFuncPtr f, std::shared_ptr<ProfileFunc> pf, std::shared_ptr<ProfileFuncs> pfs,
+                          ScopePtr scope, StmtPtr& body) {
     if ( reporter->Errors() > 0 )
         return;
 
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ static void optimize_func(ScriptFunc* f, std::shared_ptr<ProfileFunc> pf, Profil
     }
 
     // Profile the new body.
-    pf = std::make_shared<ProfileFunc>(f, body, true);
+    pf = std::make_shared<ProfileFunc>(f.get(), body, true);
 
     // Compute its reaching definitions.
     GenIDDefs ID_defs(pf, f, scope, body);
@@ -372,6 +372,8 @@ static void use_CPP() {
 
     int num_used = 0;
 
+    auto pfs = std::make_unique<ProfileFuncs>(funcs, is_CPP_compilable, false);
+
     for ( auto& f : funcs ) {
         auto hash = f.Profile()->HashVal();
         auto s = compiled_scripts.find(hash);
@@ -420,9 +422,9 @@ static void generate_CPP() {
     const bool standalone = analysis_options.gen_standalone_CPP;
     const bool report = analysis_options.report_uncompilable;
 
-    auto pfs = std::make_unique<ProfileFuncs>(funcs, is_CPP_compilable, false);
+    auto pfs = std::make_shared<ProfileFuncs>(funcs, is_CPP_compilable, false);
 
-    CPPCompile cpp(funcs, *pfs, gen_name, standalone, report);
+    CPPCompile cpp(funcs, pfs, gen_name, standalone, report);
 }
 
 static void analyze_scripts_for_ZAM() {
@@ -433,7 +435,7 @@ static void analyze_scripts_for_ZAM() {
         analysis_options.optimize_AST = false;
     }
 
-    auto pfs = std::make_unique<ProfileFuncs>(funcs, nullptr, true);
+    auto pfs = std::make_shared<ProfileFuncs>(funcs, nullptr, true);
 
     bool report_recursive = analysis_options.report_recursive;
     std::unique_ptr<Inliner> inl;
@@ -471,12 +473,12 @@ static void analyze_scripts_for_ZAM() {
         if ( ! f.ShouldAnalyze() )
             continue;
 
-        auto func = f.Func();
-        auto l = lambdas.find(func);
+        auto& func = f.FuncPtr();
+        auto l = lambdas.find(func.get());
         bool is_lambda = l != lambdas.end();
 
-        if ( ! analysis_options.compile_all && ! is_lambda && inl && inl->WasFullyInlined(func) &&
-             func_used_indirectly.count(func) == 0 ) {
+        if ( ! analysis_options.compile_all && ! is_lambda && inl && inl->WasFullyInlined(func.get()) &&
+             func_used_indirectly.count(func.get()) == 0 ) {
             // No need to compile as it won't be called directly.
             // We'd like to zero out the body to recover the
             // memory, but a *few* such functions do get called,
@@ -487,7 +489,7 @@ static void analyze_scripts_for_ZAM() {
         }
 
         auto new_body = f.Body();
-        optimize_func(func, f.ProfilePtr(), *pfs, f.Scope(), new_body);
+        optimize_func(func, f.ProfilePtr(), pfs, f.Scope(), new_body);
         f.SetBody(new_body);
 
         if ( is_lambda )
diff --git a/src/script_opt/ZAM/AM-Opt.cc b/src/script_opt/ZAM/AM-Opt.cc
index deb5fbbf69..dbb5804a58 100644
--- a/src/script_opt/ZAM/AM-Opt.cc
+++ b/src/script_opt/ZAM/AM-Opt.cc
@@ -634,8 +634,9 @@ void ZAMCompiler::ReMapInterpreterFrame() {
 
     // Update frame sizes for functions that might have more than
     // one body.
-    if ( remapped_intrp_frame_sizes.count(func) == 0 || remapped_intrp_frame_sizes[func] < next_interp_slot )
-        remapped_intrp_frame_sizes[func] = next_interp_slot;
+    auto f = func.get();
+    if ( remapped_intrp_frame_sizes.count(f) == 0 || remapped_intrp_frame_sizes[f] < next_interp_slot )
+        remapped_intrp_frame_sizes[f] = next_interp_slot;
 }
 
 void ZAMCompiler::ReMapVar(const ID* id, int slot, zeek_uint_t inst) {
diff --git a/src/script_opt/ZAM/Compile.h b/src/script_opt/ZAM/Compile.h
index e25ac57fcc..686c92d40d 100644
--- a/src/script_opt/ZAM/Compile.h
+++ b/src/script_opt/ZAM/Compile.h
@@ -52,8 +52,8 @@ public:
 
 class ZAMCompiler {
 public:
-    ZAMCompiler(ScriptFunc* f, ProfileFuncs& pfs, std::shared_ptr<ProfileFunc> pf, ScopePtr scope, StmtPtr body,
-                std::shared_ptr<UseDefs> ud, std::shared_ptr<Reducer> rd);
+    ZAMCompiler(ScriptFuncPtr f, std::shared_ptr<ProfileFuncs> pfs, std::shared_ptr<ProfileFunc> pf, ScopePtr scope,
+                StmtPtr body, std::shared_ptr<UseDefs> ud, std::shared_ptr<Reducer> rd);
     ~ZAMCompiler();
 
     StmtPtr CompileBody();
@@ -501,8 +501,8 @@ private:
     // (and/or no return value generated).
     std::vector<const NameExpr*> retvars;
 
-    ScriptFunc* func;
-    ProfileFuncs& pfs;
+    ScriptFuncPtr func;
+    std::shared_ptr<ProfileFuncs> pfs;
     std::shared_ptr<ProfileFunc> pf;
     ScopePtr scope;
     StmtPtr body;
diff --git a/src/script_opt/ZAM/Driver.cc b/src/script_opt/ZAM/Driver.cc
index be6e165907..614beba6c2 100644
--- a/src/script_opt/ZAM/Driver.cc
+++ b/src/script_opt/ZAM/Driver.cc
@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@
 
 namespace zeek::detail {
 
-ZAMCompiler::ZAMCompiler(ScriptFunc* f, ProfileFuncs& _pfs, std::shared_ptr<ProfileFunc> _pf, ScopePtr _scope,
-                         StmtPtr _body, std::shared_ptr<UseDefs> _ud, std::shared_ptr<Reducer> _rd)
-    : pfs(_pfs) {
-    func = f;
+ZAMCompiler::ZAMCompiler(ScriptFuncPtr f, std::shared_ptr<ProfileFuncs> _pfs, std::shared_ptr<ProfileFunc> _pf,
+                         ScopePtr _scope, StmtPtr _body, std::shared_ptr<UseDefs> _ud, std::shared_ptr<Reducer> _rd) {
+    func = std::move(f);
+    pfs = std::move(_pfs);
     pf = std::move(_pf);
     scope = std::move(_scope);
     body = std::move(_body);
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ void ZAMCompiler::Init() {
 
     TrackMemoryManagement();
 
-    non_recursive = non_recursive_funcs.count(func) > 0;
+    non_recursive = non_recursive_funcs.count(func.get()) > 0;
 }
 
 void ZAMCompiler::InitGlobals() {
diff --git a/src/script_opt/ZAM/Expr.cc b/src/script_opt/ZAM/Expr.cc
index 4bcde31aea..e495a0775d 100644
--- a/src/script_opt/ZAM/Expr.cc
+++ b/src/script_opt/ZAM/Expr.cc
@@ -666,7 +666,7 @@ const ZAMStmt ZAMCompiler::CompileIndex(const NameExpr* n1, int n2_slot, const T
                 z = ZInstI(zop, Frame1Slot(n1, zop), n2_slot, c3);
             }
 
-            if ( pfs.HasSideEffects(SideEffectsOp::READ, n2t) ) {
+            if ( pfs->HasSideEffects(SideEffectsOp::READ, n2t) ) {
                 z.aux = new ZInstAux(0);
                 z.aux->can_change_non_locals = true;
             }
@@ -851,7 +851,7 @@ const ZAMStmt ZAMCompiler::AssignTableElem(const Expr* e) {
     z.aux = InternalBuildVals(op2);
     z.t = op3->GetType();
 
-    if ( pfs.HasSideEffects(SideEffectsOp::WRITE, op1->GetType()) )
+    if ( pfs->HasSideEffects(SideEffectsOp::WRITE, op1->GetType()) )
         z.aux->can_change_non_locals = true;
 
     return AddInst(z);
@@ -1013,7 +1013,7 @@ const ZAMStmt ZAMCompiler::DoCall(const CallExpr* c, const NameExpr* n) {
         TypeSet aggrs;
         bool is_unknown = false;
 
-        auto resolved = pfs.GetCallSideEffects(func, non_local_ids, aggrs, is_unknown);
+        auto resolved = pfs->GetCallSideEffects(func, non_local_ids, aggrs, is_unknown);
         ASSERT(resolved);
 
         if ( is_unknown || ! non_local_ids.empty() || ! aggrs.empty() )
@@ -1103,7 +1103,7 @@ const ZAMStmt ZAMCompiler::ConstructRecord(const NameExpr* n, const Expr* e) {
 
     z.t = e->GetType();
 
-    if ( pfs.HasSideEffects(SideEffectsOp::CONSTRUCTION, z.t) )
+    if ( pfs->HasSideEffects(SideEffectsOp::CONSTRUCTION, z.t) )
         z.aux->can_change_non_locals = true;
 
     return AddInst(z);
@@ -1202,7 +1202,7 @@ const ZAMStmt ZAMCompiler::RecordCoerce(const NameExpr* n, const Expr* e) {
     // Mark the integer entries in z.aux as not being frame slots as usual.
     z.aux->slots = nullptr;
 
-    if ( pfs.HasSideEffects(SideEffectsOp::CONSTRUCTION, e->GetType()) )
+    if ( pfs->HasSideEffects(SideEffectsOp::CONSTRUCTION, e->GetType()) )
         z.aux->can_change_non_locals = true;
 
     return AddInst(z);