zeek/scripts/policy/misc/scan.zeek

##! TCP Scan detection.

# ..Authors: Sheharbano Khattak
#            Seth Hall
#            All the authors of the old scan.bro

@load base/frameworks/notice
@load base/frameworks/sumstats

@load base/utils/time

module Scan;

export {
	redef enum Notice::Type += {
		## Address scans detect that a host appears to be scanning some
		## number of destinations on a single port. This notice is
		## generated when more than :bro:id:`Scan::addr_scan_threshold`
		## unique hosts are seen over the previous
		## :bro:id:`Scan::addr_scan_interval` time range.
		Address_Scan,

		## Port scans detect that an attacking host appears to be
		## scanning a single victim host on several ports.  This notice
		## is generated when an attacking host attempts to connect to
		## :bro:id:`Scan::port_scan_threshold`
		## unique ports on a single host over the previous
		## :bro:id:`Scan::port_scan_interval` time range.
		Port_Scan,
	};

	## Failed connection attempts are tracked over this time interval for
	## the address scan detection.  A higher interval will detect slower
	## scanners, but may also yield more false positives.
	const addr_scan_interval = 5min &redef;

	## Failed connection attempts are tracked over this time interval for
	## the port scan detection.  A higher interval will detect slower
	## scanners, but may also yield more false positives.
	const port_scan_interval = 5min &redef;

	## The threshold of the unique number of hosts a scanning host has to
	## have failed connections with on a single port.
	const addr_scan_threshold = 25.0 &redef;

	## The threshold of the number of unique ports a scanning host has to
	## have failed connections with on a single victim host.
	const port_scan_threshold = 15.0 &redef;

	global Scan::addr_scan_policy: hook(scanner: addr, victim: addr, scanned_port: port);
	global Scan::port_scan_policy: hook(scanner: addr, victim: addr, scanned_port: port);
}

event zeek_init() &priority=5
	{
	local r1: SumStats::Reducer = [$stream="scan.addr.fail", $apply=set(SumStats::UNIQUE), $unique_max=double_to_count(addr_scan_threshold+2)];
	SumStats::create([$name="addr-scan",
	                  $epoch=addr_scan_interval,
	                  $reducers=set(r1),
	                  $threshold_val(key: SumStats::Key, result: SumStats::Result) =
	                  	{
	                  	return result["scan.addr.fail"]$unique+0.0;
	                  	},
	                  #$threshold_func=check_addr_scan_threshold,
	                  $threshold=addr_scan_threshold,
	                  $threshold_crossed(key: SumStats::Key, result: SumStats::Result) =
	                  	{
	                  	local r = result["scan.addr.fail"];
	                  	local side = Site::is_local_addr(key$host) ? "local" : "remote";
	                  	local dur = duration_to_mins_secs(r$end-r$begin);
	                  	local message=fmt("%s scanned at least %d unique hosts on port %s in %s", key$host, r$unique, key$str, dur);
	                  	NOTICE([$note=Address_Scan,
	                  	        $src=key$host,
	                  	        $p=to_port(key$str),
	                  	        $sub=side,
	                  	        $msg=message,
	                  	        $identifier=cat(key$host)]);
	                  	}]);

	# Note: port scans are tracked similar to: table[src_ip, dst_ip] of set(port);
	local r2: SumStats::Reducer = [$stream="scan.port.fail", $apply=set(SumStats::UNIQUE), $unique_max=double_to_count(port_scan_threshold+2)];
	SumStats::create([$name="port-scan",
	                  $epoch=port_scan_interval,
	                  $reducers=set(r2),
	                  $threshold_val(key: SumStats::Key, result: SumStats::Result) =
	                  	{
	                  	return result["scan.port.fail"]$unique+0.0;
	                  	},
	                  $threshold=port_scan_threshold,
	                  $threshold_crossed(key: SumStats::Key, result: SumStats::Result) =
	                  	{
	                  	local r = result["scan.port.fail"];
	                  	local side = Site::is_local_addr(key$host) ? "local" : "remote";
	                  	local dur = duration_to_mins_secs(r$end-r$begin);
	                  	local message = fmt("%s scanned at least %d unique ports of host %s in %s", key$host, r$unique, key$str, dur);
	                  	NOTICE([$note=Port_Scan,
	                  	        $src=key$host,
	                  	        $dst=to_addr(key$str),
	                  	        $sub=side,
	                  	        $msg=message,
	                  	        $identifier=cat(key$host)]);
	                  	}]);
	}

function add_sumstats(id: conn_id, reverse: bool)
	{
	local scanner      = id$orig_h;
	local victim       = id$resp_h;
	local scanned_port = id$resp_p;

	if ( reverse )
		{
		scanner      = id$resp_h;
		victim       = id$orig_h;
		scanned_port = id$orig_p;
		}

	if ( hook Scan::addr_scan_policy(scanner, victim, scanned_port) )
		SumStats::observe("scan.addr.fail", [$host=scanner, $str=cat(scanned_port)], [$str=cat(victim)]);

	if ( hook Scan::port_scan_policy(scanner, victim, scanned_port) )
		SumStats::observe("scan.port.fail", [$host=scanner, $str=cat(victim)], [$str=cat(scanned_port)]);
	}

function is_failed_conn(c: connection): bool
	{
	# Sr || ( (hR || ShR) && (data not sent in any direction) )
	if ( (c$orig$state == TCP_SYN_SENT && c$resp$state == TCP_RESET) ||
	     (((c$orig$state == TCP_RESET && c$resp$state == TCP_SYN_ACK_SENT) ||
	       (c$orig$state == TCP_RESET && c$resp$state == TCP_ESTABLISHED && "S" in c$history )
	      ) && /[Dd]/ !in c$history )
	   )
		return T;
	return F;
	}

function is_reverse_failed_conn(c: connection): bool
	{
	# reverse scan i.e. conn dest is the scanner
	# sR || ( (Hr || sHr) && (data not sent in any direction) )
	if ( (c$resp$state == TCP_SYN_SENT && c$orig$state == TCP_RESET) ||
	     (((c$resp$state == TCP_RESET && c$orig$state == TCP_SYN_ACK_SENT) ||
	       (c$resp$state == TCP_RESET && c$orig$state == TCP_ESTABLISHED && "s" in c$history )
	      ) && /[Dd]/ !in c$history )
	   )
		return T;
	return F;
	}

event connection_attempt(c: connection)
	{
	local is_reverse_scan = F;
	if ( "H" in c$history )
		is_reverse_scan = T;

	add_sumstats(c$id, is_reverse_scan);
	}

event connection_rejected(c: connection)
	{
	local is_reverse_scan = F;
	if ( "s" in c$history )
		is_reverse_scan = T;

	add_sumstats(c$id, is_reverse_scan);
	}

event connection_reset(c: connection)
	{
	if ( is_failed_conn(c) )
		add_sumstats(c$id, F);
	else if ( is_reverse_failed_conn(c) )
		add_sumstats(c$id, T);
	}

event connection_pending(c: connection)
	{
	if ( is_failed_conn(c) )
		add_sumstats(c$id, F);
	else if ( is_reverse_failed_conn(c) )
		add_sumstats(c$id, T);
	}