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items/2023-03-05_long_icmp-echo-requests-reference-guide.md
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# ICMP echo requests on Linux and Windows - Reference Guide
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Just as a heads-up, this is going to be a quick reference guide for the use of the ICMP echo request - or better known as `PING`. I have to look up some options multiple times a week, so I thought it is beneficial to write it up in a post like this. I might add more options at some point, but those are the most important ones in my experience.
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In a nutshell: ICMP echo requests can be used to check the reachability of two hosts on layer 3. This is indispensable in any troubleshooting session if the network is involved.
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**Side note**: All Linux references should work on **MacOS** too.
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# Simple ping without any options <a href="#ping" id="ping">#</a>
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Linux:
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: `ping 10.10.20.1`
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**Results**
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```markdown
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kuser@pleasejustwork:~$ ping 10.10.20.1
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PING 10.10.20.1 (10.10.20.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
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64 bytes from 10.10.20.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=0.594 ms
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64 bytes from 10.10.20.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=0.489 ms
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64 bytes from 10.10.20.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=0.501 ms
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64 bytes from 10.10.20.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=0.504 ms
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64 bytes from 10.10.20.1: icmp_seq=5 ttl=255 time=0.534 ms
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^C
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--- 10.10.20.1 ping statistics ---
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5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4075ms
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rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.489/0.524/0.594/0.037 ms
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```
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Windows - Cmd Line:
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: `ping 10.10.20.1`
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**Results**
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```markdown
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C:\Users\windows-sucks>ping 10.10.20.1
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Pinging 10.10.20.1 with 32 bytes of data:
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Reply from 10.10.20.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=255
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Reply from 10.10.20.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=255
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Reply from 10.10.20.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=255
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Reply from 10.10.20.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=255
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Ping statistics for 10.10.20.1:
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Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
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Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
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Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms
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```
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Windows - Powershell - Test-Connection:
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: `Test-Connection 10.10.20.1`
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**Side note**: this will take longer. The internet says it takes longer since the output is a Win32_PingStatus object you can work with. You can get a quick `True` or `False` with the `-Quiet` argument.
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**Side note**: Not all options are available for PS 5.1. You can check your current version with `$PSVersionTable.PSVersion`.
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**Results**
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```markdown
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PS C:\Users\windows-sucks> Test-Connection -Computername 10.10.20.1
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Source Destination IPV4Address IPV6Address Bytes Time(ms)
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------ ----------- ----------- ----------- ----- --------
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DESKTOP-GP... 10.10.20.1 32 0
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DESKTOP-GP... 10.10.20.1 32 0
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DESKTOP-GP... 10.10.20.1 32 0
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DESKTOP-GP... 10.10.20.1 32 0
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```
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Notable Mention: Windows - Powershell 5.1+ - Test-NetConnection:
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: `Test-NetConnection 10.10.20.1` / `tnc 10.10.20.1`
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: `Test-NetConnection` can be abbreviated with `tnc`
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`Test-NetConnection` on only suited for ping requests without any options. I'll write about `Test-Connection` in the rest of the post since it offers more options.
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**Results**
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```markdown
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PS C:\Users\windows-sucks> Test-NetConnection 10.10.20.1 ComputerName : 10.10.20.1
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RemoteAddress : 10.10.20.1
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InterfaceAlias : Ethernet
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SourceAddress : 10.10.20.54
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PingSucceeded : True
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PingReplyDetails (RTT) : 0 ms
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```
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## Continuous ping requests <a href="#cont" id="cont">#</a>
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Linux:
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: *continuous pings by default*
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Windows - Cmd Line:
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: `/t` or `-t`
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: *Can be interrupted with `CTRL` + `c`*
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Windows - Powershell 7.2+ - Test-Connection:
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: `-Repeat`
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## Number of ping requests <a href="#number" id="number">#</a>
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Sets the number of pings
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Linux:
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: `-c NUMBER`
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: Default is continuous ping
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Windows - Cmd Line:
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: `/n NUMBER` / `-n NUMBER`
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: Default is 4
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Windows - Powershell 5.1+ - Test-Connection:
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: `-Count NUMBER`
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: Default is 4
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## Using a specific interface <a href="#interface" id="interface">#</a>
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Linux:
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: `-I INTERFACE-NAME`
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: *just use the name of the specific interface you want to use*
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Windows - Cmd Line:
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: `-S SOURCE-IP`
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: *you have to choose the IP of the interface to use it for a ping*
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## domain name resolution <a href="#resolution" id="resolution">#</a>
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You get results faster if you can avoid domain name resolution.
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Linux:
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: *does the name resolution by default. Use `-n` to avoid it*
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: `-n`
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Windows - Cmd Line:
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: *check IP for domain name*
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: `/a` / `-a`
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## Avoid output / quiet mode <a href="#quiet" id="quiet">#</a>
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Linux:
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: `-q`
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: only shows the start and end summary
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Windows - Cmd Line:
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: `ping 10.10.20.2 > nul 2>&1`
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: *no output at all*
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Windows - Powershell 5.1+ - Test-Connection:
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: `-Quiet`
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: Just outputs `True` / `False`
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## Add timestamp <a href="#timestamp" id="timestamp">#</a>
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Linux:
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: `-D`
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: adds the timestamp in front of it in the UNIX format.
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Windows:
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: *haven't found an option. There are multiple ways with bash scripting*
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## Packet Size <a href="#size" id="size">#</a>
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Linux:
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: `-s NUMBER`
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: data bytes. The default is 56 bytes + 8 bytes ICMP header data.
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Windows - Cmd Line:
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: `/l NUMBER` / `-l NUMBER`
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: data bytes. The default is 32 bytes + 8 bytes ICMP header data. Max is 65527.
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Windows - Powershell 5.1+ - Test-Connection:
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: `-BufferSize NUMBER`
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: data bytes. The default is 32 bytes + 8 bytes ICMP header data.
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## TTL / Time to live <a href="#ttl" id="ttl">#</a>
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Sets the IP Time to live!
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Linux:
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: `-t NUMBER`
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Windows - Cmd Line:
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: `/i NUMBER` / `-i NUMBER`
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Windows - Powershell 5.1+ - Test-Connection:
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: `-MaxHops NUMBER`
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: *default is 128*
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## Sets "Don't Fragment" bit <a href="#df" id="df">#</a>
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Sets the DF flag in the IP header.
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Linux:
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: `-M hint`
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Windows - Cmd Line:
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: `/f` / `-f`
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Windows - Powershell 7.2+ - Test-Connection:
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: `-DontFragment`
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## IP Protocol 4 or 6 <a href="#protocol" id="protocol">#</a>
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Linux:
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: `-4` *# IPv4*
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: `-6` *# IPv6*
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Windows - Cmd Line:
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: `/4` / `-4` *# IPv4*
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: `/6` / `-6` *# IPv6*
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Windows - Powershell 7.2+ - Test-Connection:
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: `-IPv4` *# IPv4*
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: `-IPv6` *# IPv6*
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---
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