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# mtr - More Detailed Traceroute - Network Troubleshooting
`mtr` is a great tool for troubleshooting connection problems and is one of the first things I install on a Linux machine. It is a `traceroute` on steroids. It provides additional information and can pinpoint problems with specific nodes on the network.
We'll focus on `mrt` on Linux and ICMP only, and I hope I can give you some insight into this simple but helpful tool.
## The Basics
To get started, run the following command to get an interactive/ live view of the results:
`mtr DESTINATION`
```
My traceroute [v0.95]
mtr-server-name (192.168.10.175) -> dest-server-name (10.0.10.95) 2024-08-27T13:47:28+0000
Keys: Help Display mode Restart statistics Order of fields quit
Packets Pings
Host Loss% Snt Last Avg Best Wrst StDev
1. _gateway 0.0% 138 0.4 2.5 0.3 75.8 10.1
2. 10.254.3.254 0.0% 138 0.2 0.2 0.1 3.8 0.3
3. 10.254.1.254 0.0% 138 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.0
4. 10.254.28.70 0.0% 138 20.0 20.1 20.0 20.4 0.1
5. 10.0.10.95 0.0% 138 20.2 20.4 19.9 45.0 2.5
```
## Results Explained
```
Host Loss% Snt Last Avg Best Wrst StDev
1. 10.11.0.1 0.0% 2 18.1 18.3 18.1 18.4 0.2
[...]
```
Explained:
: `Host` - Hop information, which can be changed
: `Loss%` - percentage of packet loss
: `Snt` - number of packets/cycles sent
: `Last` - is the Round-Tip-Time (`RTT`) of the last packet sent.
: `Avg` - average `RTT` of all packets sent
: `Best` - fastest `RTT` of all sent packets
: `Wrst` - worst `RTT` of all sent packets
: `StDev` - standard deviation of all sent packets
This is the default output explained, and it is all I need often enough. However, you can **change the columns**: the order, remove and even add additional columns with `-o FIELDS, --order FIELDS`:
```
│L │ Loss ratio │
├──┼─────────────────────┤
│D │ Dropped packets │
├──┼─────────────────────┤
│R │ Received packets │
├──┼─────────────────────┤
│S │ Sent Packets │
├──┼─────────────────────┤
│N │ Newest RTT(ms) │
├──┼─────────────────────┤
│B │ Min/Best RTT(ms) │
├──┼─────────────────────┤
│A │ Average RTT(ms) │
├──┼─────────────────────┤
│W │ Max/Worst RTT(ms) │
├──┼─────────────────────┤
│V │ Standard Deviation │
├──┼─────────────────────┤
│G │ Geometric Mean │
├──┼─────────────────────┤
│J │ Current Jitter │
├──┼─────────────────────┤
│M │ Jitter Mean/Avg. │
├──┼─────────────────────┤
│X │ Worst Jitter │
├──┼─────────────────────┤
│I │ Interarrival Jitter │
└──┴─────────────────────┘
```
# Common Options
`mtr` gives us more options. I'll show you the most common options here:
Display the help menu:
: `-h, --help`
Choose the Internet Protocol Version:
: `-4` *# IPv4*
: `-6` *# IPv6*
Don't resolve any host names:
: `-n, --no-dns`
Show host name and IPs:
: `-b, --show-ips`
Choose a spcific interface:
: `-I NAME, --interface NAME`
Choose a source IP address:
:`-a ADDRESS, --address ADDRESS`
Manage the number of cycles and interval:
: `-c COUNT, --report-cycles COUNT` *# number of cycles*
: `-i SECONDS, --interval SECONDS` *# time in seconds between ICMP requests, default is 1 second*
: `-s PACKETSIZE, --psize PACKETSIZE` *# payload in bytes, inclusive IP+ICMP headers. A negative number will randomize the size up to that number*
: `-f NUM, --first-ttl NUM` *# set start TTL*
: `-m NUM, --max-ttl NUM` *# set maximum TTL, default is 30*
There are more specific options for MPLS, Autonomous System (AS) numbers and so on.
# Interactive Mode
By default, `mtr` starts in interactive or live mode.
The most important shortcuts to control this mode are `p` to **pause**, `SPACE` to **resume**, `r` to **reset all counters**, `n` to **toggle hostname resolution**, `d` to switch the display mode, and `h` to **show help and all other options**.
The display modes you can choose:
![](/images/blog/mtr-displaymode-1.png)
![](/images/blog/mtr-displaymode-2.png)
![](/images/blog/mtr-displaymode-3.png)
# Report mode
This is not the official name, but it makes things a little bit clearer. If you want to** automate your workflow and save the results to a file**, use the `-r` / `--report` options. This will only **show the results and let you pipe** the results out. By default, the `--report` option sets the number of cycles to `10`.
Use `-F FILENAME, --filename FILENAME` to import a list of hosts that get processed one after the other.
## Saving results to file
I haven't had any luck with showing the results live and saving them to a file at the same time. Instead, the following example runs 5 cycles, displays the final results in the terminal, and additionally saves them to a file named `results`:
```
user@pleasejustwork:~$ mtr -n -r -c 5 server-name | tee results
Start: 2024-07-08T15:57:45+0000
HOST: server-name Loss% Snt Last Avg Best Wrst StDev
1.|-- 192.168.10.254 0.0% 5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.0
2.|-- 10.254.3.254 0.0% 5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.0
3.|-- 10.254.1.254 0.0% 5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.1
4.|-- 198.51.100.44 0.0% 5 13.2 13.6 13.2 14.8 0.7
5.|-- 10.44.193.73 0.0% 5 13.5 13.5 13.5 13.6 0.1
6.|-- 100.64.48.248 0.0% 5 13.5 13.8 13.5 14.0 0.2
7.|-- 10.44.204.26 0.0% 5 18.9 18.9 18.9 19.0 0.0
8.|-- 10.254.32.2 0.0% 5 19.0 19.0 19.0 19.1 0.0
9.|-- 10.0.10.95 0.0% 5 19.8 20.9 18.9 27.5 3.7
user@pleasejustwork:~$ cat results
Start: 2024-07-08T15:57:45+0000
HOST: server-name Loss% Snt Last Avg Best Wrst StDev
1.|-- 192.168.15.254 0.0% 5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.0
2.|-- 10.254.3.254 0.0% 5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.0
3.|-- 10.254.1.254 0.0% 5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.1
4.|-- 198.51.100.44 0.0% 5 13.2 13.6 13.2 14.8 0.7
5.|-- 10.44.193.73 0.0% 5 13.5 13.5 13.5 13.6 0.1
6.|-- 100.64.48.248 0.0% 5 13.5 13.8 13.5 14.0 0.2
7.|-- 10.44.204.26 0.0% 5 18.9 18.9 18.9 19.0 0.0
8.|-- 10.254.32.2 0.0% 5 19.0 19.0 19.0 19.1 0.0
9.|-- 10.0.10.95 0.0% 5 19.8 20.9 18.9 27.5 3.7
```
## Further Processing
If you want to process the data in another system, it makes sense to save the results of `mtr` in a different format. `mtr` gives you some options:
```
-x, --xml
-C, --csv
-j, --json
```
Examples for the `--csv` format:
```
Mtr_Version,Start_Time,Status,Host,Hop,Ip,Loss%,Snt, ,Last,Avg,Best,Wrst,StDev,
MTR.0.95,1720455178,OK,server-name,1,192.168.15.254,0.00,5,0,0.46,8.96,0.33,43.25,19.16
MTR.0.95,1720455178,OK,server-name,2,10.254.3.254,0.00,5,0,0.26,0.25,0.22,0.26,0.02
MTR.0.95,1720455178,OK,server-name,3,10.254.1.254,0.00,5,0,0.23,0.71,0.23,2.29,0.89
MTR.0.95,1720455178,OK,server-name,4,198.51.100.44,0.00,5,0,13.33,13.48,13.24,14.27,0.44
MTR.0.95,1720455178,OK,server-name,5,10.44.193.73,0.00,5,0,19.36,16.65,13.57,22.82,4.24
MTR.0.95,1720455178,OK,server-name,6,100.64.48.248,0.00,5,0,17.40,15.67,13.96,18.63,2.19
MTR.0.95,1720455178,OK,server-name,7,10.44.204.26,0.00,5,0,21.51,21.03,19.04,22.59,1.57
MTR.0.95,1720455178,OK,server-name,8,10.254.32.2,0.00,5,0,18.90,19.87,18.90,21.62,1.22
MTR.0.95,1720455178,OK,server-name,9,10.0.10.95,0.00,5,0,19.07,22.28,19.07,33.95,6.53
```
# Conclusion
So, I hope you found this short primer helpful and can use it in your next troubleshooting session.